Building the MoodleBox

MoodleBox一開始就是設定在Raspberry Pi 3上執行運作，讓使用者可以隨身帶著一個Raspberry Pi 3及行動電源就可以使用Moodle教學平台，MoodleBox官網有做動的img檔可供使用者下載，然後燒錄到Raspberry Pi 3，或者可以透過手動建置的方式，在剛開始官方所提供的是一步一步的指令去修改設定，接著又轉換成使用script自動安裝(github中切換到Branch:https)，現在則改用Ansbile自動化組態管理把Moodle安裝到Raspberry Pi 3中。

在官方的Github中有以下10點的安裝步驟

To build a MoodleBox from scratch with this script, you need a Raspberri Pi 3 (Wi-Fi!) and follow these instructions.

  1. Clone Rasbpian Stretch Lite on your microSD card.

  2. Create asshfile on thebootpartition, e.g. usingtouch ssh

  3. Insert the microSD card into your Raspberry

  4. Connect your Raspberry to your Ethernet network and boot it.

  5. Install Ansible on your computer.

  6. Clone this repository to your local drive.

  7. Create akeysdirectory in the repository folder and copy your public key into it, under the nameid_rsa.pub.

  8. Get the IP address of your RaspberryPi and change it in thehosts.ymlfile. Do not change anything else, unless you know what you're doing. You're on your own.

  9. Runansible-playbook moodlebox.ymlfrom the repository folder.

  10. Wait 30–50 minutes, depending on your SD card and Internet bandwidth. You're done.

因為目前是要使用MoodleBox安裝在BananaPi M64上，而官方是預設安裝於Raspberry Pi 3上所部分安裝內容會不同，以下我們依順說明

1. Clone Rasbpian Stretch Lite on your microSD card.

在Raspberry Pi 3的話就是直接到官方網站下載Raspian Stretch Lite(https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/)，這邊要改用Banana Pi M64所以要到BananaPi官方網站下載BPI-M64(http://forum.banana-pi.org/c/BPI-M64/M63image)，目前測試使用ubuntu作業系統，如下圖官網上列出最新的為「BPI-M64 new image:2017-08-14-ubuntu-16.04-mate-......」開頭的檔案，但使用後會有些問題，最後在Gitbook中找到https://bananapi.gitbooks.io/bpi-m64/content/en/linuximageforbpi-m64.html，有新的版本「2018-01-05-ubuntu-16.04-mate-desktop-v1.0-bpi-m64-sd-emmc.img.zip」，2018-01-05這個版本在燒錄好開機後就有ssh可以連線，下載完後Mac作業系統可以使用Etcher軟體燒錄到sd卡中，Windows作業系統可以使用Win32DiskImager燒錄。

2. Create a ssh file on thebootpartition, e.g. using touch ssh

此動作在Raspberry Pi 3，燒到sd卡後，要先執行指令「touch ssh」產生ssh檔案開機後會啟動ssh服務，而在BananaPi M64燒錄「2018-01-05-ubuntu-16.04-mate-desktop-v1.0-bpi-m64-sd-emmc.img.zip」此版本，開機就有啟動ssh服務，所以可以跳過此步驟。

3. Insert the microSD card into your Raspberry

IMG檔燒錄完成後，接著就是把microSD卡插入設備的microSD插槽，Raspberry Pi 3和Banana Pi M64這兩台設備的使用方式有點不用，Raspberry Pi 3直接把microSD卡推到最底就可以，取出的方式是直接拔出microSD，而Banana Pi M64的插槽有自動彈回的功能，所以在microSD卡推到最底時，還要再用力按壓一下，會自動卡住，而取出的時後，也是要再按壓一下後會自動彈回，再拔出microSD卡即可。

4. Connect your Raspberry to your Ethernet network and boot it

Raspberry Pi 3及Banana Pi M64都內建RJ-45網路介面，這個步驟只要把網路線線上，及插上電源，會自動開機。

5. Install Ansible on your computer.

目前Ansible測試於Mac系統，請參考Mac 安裝 Ansible 的安裝步驟

6. Clone this repository to your local drive.

在本機電腦中安裝好Ansible後，接著就是從GitHub上Clone Repository(復製儲存庫)，moodlebox官方的github網址「https://github.com/martignoni/moodlebox」，git的網址「https://github.com/martignoni/moodlebox.git」，如果安裝於Raspberry Pi 3請直接clone官方的設定檔即可，要注意的就是記得使用RASPBIAN STRETCH LITE，因為Ansible自動化配置文件是依raspbian作業系統所撰寫的，要直接安裝於Banana Pi M64是不能使用的，所以這邊有另外依Banana Pi M64上的「2018-01-05-ubuntu-16.04-mate-desktop-v1.0-bpi-m64-sd-emmc.img」作業系統客製一個版本，目前也是放在github上，所以執行的方式是相同的，只是git網址要修改成「https://github.com/GXiangCo/moodlebox-bpi.git」

打開終端機，然後切換到要存放的路徑，輸入指令「git clone https://github.com/GXiangCo/moodlebox-bpi.git」

allen-mba:github allen$ git clone https://github.com/GXiangCo/moodlebox-bpi.git
Cloning into 'moodlebox-bpi'...
remote: Counting objects: 113, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (80/80), done.
remote: Total 113 (delta 1), reused 113 (delta 1), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (113/113), 95.57 KiB | 207.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.

切換路徑到moodlebox-bpi，檢查是否有檔案

allen-mba:github allen$ cd moodlebox-bpi/
allen-mba:moodlebox-bpi allen$ ls
CHANGELOG.md        README.md        hosts.yml        rootaccount.yml
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md    ansible.cfg        library            setup.cfg
CONTRIBUTING.md        buildmoodlebox.yml    moodlebox.yml        util
LICENSE.md        default.config.yml    roles
allen-mba:moodlebox-bpi allen$

7. Create akeysdirectory in the repository folder and copy your public key into it, under the nameid_rsa.pub

這個步驟主要讓Raspberry Pi 3或Banana Pi M64可以免輸入密碼登入，讓Ansible執行安裝過程中不用再輸入密碼，首先在moodlebox-bpi目錄中建立一個名稱為keys的資料夾

allen-mba:moodlebox-bpi allen$ pwd
/Users/allen/github/moodlebox-bpi
allen-mba:moodlebox-bpi allen$ mkdir keys
allen-mba:moodlebox-bpi allen$ ls
CHANGELOG.md        README.md        hosts.yml        roles
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md    ansible.cfg        keys            rootaccount.yml
CONTRIBUTING.md        buildmoodlebox.yml    library            setup.cfg
LICENSE.md        default.config.yml    moodlebox.yml        util
allen-mba:moodlebox-bpi allen$

使用ssh-keygen指令產生公開金鑰，產生過程會問要儲存的路徑及密碼，都不設定，用預設值即可，注意一下預設存放的路徑，一般都是在使用者帳號下的「.ssh」資料夾中，ssh-keygen產生過程如下：

allen-mba:~ allen$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/allen/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/Users/allen/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/allen/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/allen/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nCpzaCPq6waI3KTpm0sq+Yfoxku/ENVcL2gKX2ZLJrE allen@allen-mba.local
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   .   .         |
|    = o .        |
| . E @ . .       |
|  +.X ....       |
|+.=o .  S        |
|++.. . .         |
|+*..* o          |
|B*=o.=           |
|X@*+.            |
+----[SHA256]-----+

執行完ssh-keygen後，預設檔名為id_rsa，會產生兩個檔案id_rsa及id_rsa.pub於「使用者目錄/.ssh」中，確認一下是否有產生所要的檔案，如下：

allen-mba:~ allen$ ls -al ~/.ssh/
total 16
drwx------   4 allen  staff   128  3  7 15:28 .
drwxr-xr-x+ 53 allen  staff  1696  3  7 15:27 ..
-rw-------   1 allen  staff  1675  3  7 15:28 id_rsa
-rw-r--r--   1 allen  staff   403  3  7 15:28 id_rsa.pub

idrsa為私鑰，這就如登入的密碼，此檔案是放在本機電腦中，而id_rsa.pub為公鑰，此檔案要放在遠端的電腦中認證用，所以要把id_rsa.pub檔案複製到所建立的「keys」資料夾中，在執行Ansible時，會把此檔案放到遠端的設備中，最後檢查keys資料夾中是否有id_rsa.pub檔

allen-mba:~ allen$ cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ~/github/moodlebox-bpi/keys/
allen-mba:~ allen$ ls ~/github/moodlebox-bpi/keys/
id_rsa.pub

8. Get the IP address of your RaspberryPi and change it in thehosts.ymlfile. Do not change anything else, unless you know what you're doing. You're on your own.

接著要設定moodlebox專案中的「hosts.yml」檔，此檔案主要是設定要連線的設備ip及登入的帳號及密碼，原始內容如下：

all:
  hosts:
    moodlebox:
      ansible_host: '192.168.1.212'
      ansible_user: 'pi'
      ansible_password: 'raspberry'

目前moodlebox-bpi專案中的檔案內容如下，因為Banana Pi系統的預設密碼為「bananapi」，如同官方文件的說明，只要修改設備的ip，就是hosts.yml中的ansible_host參數，其他如果不知道或沒必要請不要修改

all:
  hosts:
    moodlebox:
      ansible_host: '192.168.0.6'
      ansible_user: 'pi'
      ansible_password: 'bananapi'

如果Raspberry Pi 3及Banana Pi M64在沒有外接螢幕的狀況下要如何連線並且取得設備的ip呢？接下來就試範當設備燒錄好後，接上網路線並且開機後要如何連線取得設備ip，注意本機電腦和遠端的設備需要在同一個網段下。

Raspberry Pi 3

在終端機中執行指令「ssh pi@raspberrypi.local」，預設密碼為「raspberry」

allen-mba:~ allen$ ssh pi@raspberrypi.local
The authenticity of host 'raspberrypi.local (fe80::5f74:cb72:5324:c40b%en0)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:rvM07WHr9gcI+KOY1sr7+m3IpvakmgMRnpGt6tP2i8w.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'raspberrypi.local,fe80::5f74:cb72:5324:c40b%en0' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
pi@raspberrypi.local's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.9.59-v7+ #1047 SMP Sun Oct 29 12:19:23 GMT 2017 armv7l

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Wed Mar  7 09:23:27 2018

SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed.
This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password.

使用「ifconfig」指令查詢

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::5f74:cb72:5324:c40b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether b8:27:eb:b6:d3:08  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 26122  bytes 3209257 (3.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 64  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 278  bytes 37615 (36.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wlan0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether b8:27:eb:e3:86:5d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

使用「ip addr」指令查詢

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b8:27:eb:b6:d3:08 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.3/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5f74:cb72:5324:c40b/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b8:27:eb:e3:86:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Banana Pi M64

在終端機中執行指令「ssh pi@bpi-iot-ros-ai.local」，預設密碼為「bananapi」

allen-mba:~ allen$ ssh pi@bpi-iot-ros-ai.local
The authenticity of host 'bpi-iot-ros-ai.local (fe80::84e0:eaff:fef2:36e2%en0)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:5sZdACIsvP5cxP3bob+z563JmKelc5liBZfAz89eGHM.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'bpi-iot-ros-ai.local,fe80::84e0:eaff:fef2:36e2%en0' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
pi@bpi-iot-ros-ai.local's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.10.105-BPI-M64-Kernel aarch64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

116 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

*** System restart required ***
Last login: Sat Oct 21 16:21:23 2017 from 192.168.88.162

使用「ifconfig」指令查詢

pi@bpi-iot-ros-ai:~$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 86:e0:ea:f2:36:e2
          inet addr:192.168.0.6  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::84e0:eaff:fef2:36e2/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:155140 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:73494 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:205165419 (205.1 MB)  TX bytes:5171402 (5.1 MB)
          Interrupt:114

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:343 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:343 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:30160 (30.1 KB)  TX bytes:30160 (30.1 KB)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b0:f1:ec:0c:f0:66
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

使用「ip addr」指令查詢

pi@bpi-iot-ros-ai:~$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: dummy0: <BROADCAST,NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default
    link/ether 9a:99:17:d9:e5:34 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 86:e0:ea:f2:36:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.6/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 465sec preferred_lft 465sec
    inet6 fe80::84e0:eaff:fef2:36e2/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
5: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DORMANT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b0:f1:ec:0c:f0:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

9. Runansible-playbook moodlebox.ymlfrom the repository folder.

將目錄切換到moodlebox專案目錄，然後執行以下的指令開始執行安裝作業，注意，Banana Pi M64需要在最後面加入「--ask-sudo-pass」

Raspberry Pi 3

ansible-playbook moodlebox.yml

Banana Pi M64

ansible-playbook moodlebox.yml --ask-sudo-pass

10. Wait 30–50 minutes, depending on your SD card and Internet bandwidth. You're done.

整個安裝過程大約30~50分鐘，這個時間會因為使用的microSD卡讀寫的速度與網路頻寬的速度而有所不同。

進入Moodle平台

以上十個步驟完成後，會自動重開機，此時就可以拿出行動裝置或有無線網卡的電腦進行連線，打開無線網路設定會看到一個SSID為「MoodleBox」的連接點，點選後預設密碼為「moodlebox」，連線完後打開瀏覽器，輸入以下的網址就可以進入moodle平台 ，預預管理者帳號：「admin」，密碼：「Moodlebox4$」

SSH進入Moodlebox

如果要ssh到安裝好的MoodleBox時，連線的網址會不同，被修改成moodlebox開頭，另外在未連MoodleBox的wifi時，都要用[「moodlebox.local」，連wifi後的網址後面原本在Raspberry Pi 3原本是用「.home」而Banana PI M64修改成「.bpi」，連線網址及帳號密碼，請參照下方的對照表

連線網址對照表

設備連線網址

官方預設值

安裝MoodleBox

連moodlebox wifi後

Raspberry Pi 3

raspberrypi.local

moodlebox.local

moodlebox.home

Banana Pi M64

bpi-iot-ros-ai.local

moodlebox.local

moodlebox.bpi

連線的帳號密碼對照表

設備連線帳號 / 密碼

官方預設值

安裝MoodleBox

Raspberry Pi 3

pi / raspberry

moodlebox / Moodlebox4$

Banana Pi M64

pi / bananapi

moodlebox / Moodlebox4$

連線後的畫面會多一個樹梅派的logo，正常連線後會看到如下圖的畫面

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